Tag: language learning

A rainbow flag for Pride - celebrating queer language

Pride Across Languages: A Queer Lexicon for 2025

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June is Pride month, and as linguists (a proudly diverse crew if ever there was one), it’s the perfect moment to celebrate the vibrant vocabulary that queer speakers use — and create — in the languages we love.

Queer language isn’t just about labels. It’s about visibility, resistance, solidarity, and joy. And like any living part of language, it evolves. Some terms come from institutions and activism; others bubble up from youth slang, subcultures, or the internet. Some are reclaimed from slurs, and others are lovingly borrowed from English. What they all have in common is that they tell stories — about culture, politics, humour, and belonging.

Here’s a multilingual sampler of queer vocabulary in the languages I work with and love, as well as terms to be aware (and wary) of — updated for 2025 and with a couple of notes to explain where and how these terms are used. As you’d expect, English terms have been co-opted in many cultures and are widely understood.

FRENCH

French queer vocabulary bridges formal discourse and rich colloquial creativity, particularly in urban and activist spaces. Youth and LGBTQ+ communities often borrow from verlan (urban backslang), argot, and pop culture.

Formal / Inclusive:
– LGBTQIA+ — widely used in activist and legal discourse.
– Une personne transgenre / non-binaire — trans / non-binary person.
– Homos / lesbiennes / bisexuel·le·s — broadly accepted and understood.

Colloquial / Reclaimed:
– Gouine — dyke; used proudly by some lesbians.
– Tarlouze / tapette — pejorative and generally not reclaimed (yet).
– Draguer — to flirt or cruise.
– Militant·e LGBT — LGBTQ+ activist.

Regional variant: In Québec French, you may encounter allosexuel·le (non-heterosexual) or personne queer, used in a slightly different way than in France.

GERMAN

German queer language mixes formal clarity with rich subcultural registers. Germany has a strong LGBTQIA+ history, with Christopher Street Day (CSD) being the main Pride celebration.

Standard Terms:
– Schwul / lesbisch / bi / pan — gay / lesbian / bi / pan; widely accepted.
– Queer — directly borrowed and proudly used.
– Nicht-binär / trans / inter — gender-inclusive language.
– Regenbogenfamilie — literally rainbow family.
– Coming-out — borrowed directly from English.

Colloquial / Subcultural:
– Homo — casual term; can be neutral or teasing.
– Gay sein — “to be gay,” borrowed and adapted from English.
– Tunte — an effeminate gay man; can be camp and celebratory within communities but also historically a slur.

Sociolinguistic note: German LGBTQ+ youth often use a hybrid of German and English (“queer sein”, “pride month feiern”, and “nonbinary Person” are common).

GREEK

Greek queer vocabulary is lively but still shaped by ongoing stigma in some spheres. Younger generations and activist circles are doing brilliant work coining and promoting respectful terms.

Formal / Inclusive:
– ΛΟΑΤΚΙ+ (LOATKI+) — LGBTQIA+.
– Ομοφυλόφιλος/η, λεσβία, αμφιφυλόφιλος/η — standard but formal.
– Τρανς άτομο — trans person.
– Κουήρ — transliteration of “queer.”

Slang / Reclaimed:
– Πούστης — historical slur for gay men; sometimes reclaimed but still very charged, so use with care.
– Λεσβού / λεσβία — lesbian (the former more colloquial).
– Ντραγκ κουίν — drag queen.
– Καμάκι — flirtation or cruising (not exclusively queer).

Cultural note: Greek queer media increasingly uses international terms like non-binary and queer without translation, reflecting global influences and activist solidarity.

NORWEGIAN

Norwegian LGBTQIA+ vocabulary is inclusive, modern, and quite straightforward, with excellent mainstream acceptance of terms like skeiv.

Standard / Positive:
– Skeiv — literally “crooked”; now a proudly reclaimed umbrella term for queer identities.
– Homofil / lesbisk / bifil / panfil — general, neutral orientation terms.
– Transperson / ikke-binær — trans / non-binary person.
– Regnbuefamilie — rainbow family.
– Pride-parade / skeiv kultur — directly borrowed terms.

Today, skeiv is actively used by government in public comms, youth organisations, and LGBTQ+ advocacy groups across Norway. Neighbouring Swedish has co-opted the English queer in most cases, although also has the reclaimed bög for gay men – occasionally, the word Regnbågspersoner (rainbow people) is found in Swedish event blurb and similar as an umbrella term.

SCOTTISH GAELIC

Gaelic queer vocabulary is vibrant and developing all the time, with new terms emerging thanks to community activism. Much of the lexicon is borrowed, calqued or adapted respectfully.

Affirming / Respectful Terms:
– Co-sheòrsach — same-sex attracted (literally “same-gendered”).
– Boireannach co-sheòrsach / fear co-sheòrsach — lesbian / gay man.
– Gèidh — gay.
– Neo-bhìnearaidh — non-binary.
– Gnè-sòisealta — gender identity.
– Gnèitheachas — sexuality / sexual orientation.
– Aithris gnè — gender expression.

Emerging language: Community groups are also exploring terms like cuèir (queer), far-ghnèitheach (genderqueer), and coimhearsnachd gèidh (gay community). These are not yet standardised but are used lovingly in queer Gaelic circles.

FINAL THOUGHTS: LANGUAGE AS RESISTANCE, JOY, AND KINSHIP

Words are powerful. They help us name ourselves, find each other, and push back against silence. In each of these languages, queer terms are not just dictionary entries — they’re evidence of visibility, resistance, and renewal.

What’s more, the growth of queer vocabularies often mirrors broader shifts in society — whether it’s skeiv being used in official policy, κουήρ entering mainstream Greek media, or Gaelic activists forging new terms for non-binary identities. Each new word is a signal of change, community, and possibility.

OVER TO YOU

Do you know other queer terms in the languages you’re learning or using? Have you seen how words can include — or exclude — depending on context? Drop a comment or share your favourites with me on the socials!

With love and linguistic Pride,
Rich x

A French flag with earbuds on top.

Feel-Good French Pop

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French was never one of my core language projects. It was always a bit of a distant, side interest – something I dipped into now and again. That was, until all sorts of fun stuff started happening in France (cough, Olympics and Paralympics 2024), and I realised how easy it was to flit there for some cultural immersion.

As a returner learner with a newfound love of France – it was my very first foreign language at school, after all – it was always about reactivation, rather than systematic learning from scratch. And one of the nicest ways back in has been music (and not just Eurovision, although that features quite high on my francophone pop playlists!).

Here are my top ten French tracks – and not a Eurovision track in sight, I promise. Track titles all link to Spotify, so you can add them to your own playlists!

COMA IDYLLIQUE (THERAPIE TAXI)

Therapie Taxi spent just short of a decade spreading their edgy, alternative flavour of francopop. This existential, hypnotic ode to oblivious tipsiness is the best of a very good bunch.

LA FLEMME (NELL WIDMER)

I credit this one with teaching me a great colloquial phrase in French: j’ai la flemme de … (I can’t be bothered to…). It’s gloriously Gallic off-the-cuff, can’t-be-bothered apathy, wrapped in a catchy and infectious refrain I find myself humming for hours afterwards.

ENVOLE-MOI (MATT POKORA & TAL)

A feel-good French playlist couldn’t exist without some Matt Pokora, and you have two in my top ten. This track, a duet with TAL, featured on Génération Goldman, a homage to 80s superstar Jean-Jacques Goldman. Dare I say, the cover knocks the spots off the original.

CETTE ANNÉE-LÀ (MATT POKORA)

Matt Pokora really spoils us in terms of solo tracks to add. I went for this cover of Frankie Valli’s Oh, What a Night!, as it’s just incredibly cheery – I defy you not to foot-tap along to this! It’s been covered by other French artists, but Matt’s takes the prize for happy-clappy production.

LAISSE-TOI TRANQUILLE (MALO)

Malo almost breaks my non-Eurovision rule for this list – he was a contestant in Déstination Eurovision 2018, the show to select France’s entrant that year. He nearly made it, too, finishing in third, but it’s this follow-up song which is the standout for me. Quirky, cute and fun, it’s a always puts me in a good mood.

JE DANSE LE MIA (IAM)

This one is pure club, and effortlessly cool. Released in 1994, it has a familiar hook, thanks to the George Benson Give Me The Night resample, but blends hip-hop and rap to produce one of the biggest French hits of the decade. It still sounds as fresh as it did the year of its release – some feat.

DERNIÈRE DANSE (INDILA)

There’s a touch of chanson to this one, and its other-worldly, soporific vibe was clearly a recipe for success for singer Indila – in December 2023, ten years after its release, it became the first francophone track to reach a billion streams on YouTube.

VOYAGE, VOYAGE (DESIRELESS)

A French 80s classic, Voyage, voyage was given a huge public airing and second life as part of the Paris 2024 pre-event soundtrack. Absolutely timeless.

MOI… LOLITA (ALIZÉE)

Arguably the French breakout hit of the early noughties, this one stormed the charts across Europe. Alizée’s debut single still holds up as sultry, slick French pop.

COMMENT TE DIRE ADIEU (POMPLAMOOSE)

I’m old enough to remember Jimmy Somerville covering this evergreen. But Pomplamoose, a US alternative outfit with its heart (and now home) this side of the Atlantic, have turned it into something utterly dreamy. A warm, francophile hug of a track.

So there you have it – ten French bangers to bop (and learn) to. What would you put on your list? Feel free to share in the comments – always up for some extra choons!

The Greek flag flying in a sunny sky

Greek Feeds on Insta You’ll Actually Want to Follow

Not all scrolling is bad for you – especially when you’re learning Greek. Language learning content feeds are popping up left, right and centre these days, so you can hop online and feel wholesome rather as you swipe and learn.

Instagram is probably my platform of choice for lingua-content, not least because of the number of language learning channels on it. Insta has nifty, intuitive bookmark folders, which allow you to save content in separate streams for each of your languages.

My Greek folder has seen a lot of recent action, thanks to a raft of edu-taining reels that are only getting better and better. They range from everyday grammar tips to mini lessons on colloquial, slangy phrases – the kind of thing that really sets your language apart from ‘book Greek’.

So what’s worth sharing in my bookmarks?

GREEK WITH DIMITRIS

If you’re new to the language, then Greek with Dimitris makes for a nice way in. He focuses on building basic vocabulary with some excellent, clearly narrated videos, but also runs regular pop quizzes in his stories.

GLOSSONAUTS

Props to Glossonauts for the wonderful channel name – etymologically hellenic and evocative of us all as language explorers (γλώσσα glossa = language, ναύτης náftis = sailor). The content is more geared towards beginner and lower intermediate learners, but with some great bonus content on people and culture.

GREEK OUT WITH MARIA

Greek Out With Maria falls firmly into the ‘learn the language like a local’ camp, and is excellent if you’re an intermediate learner looking to speak more idiomatically. Maria focuses on expressive, colloquial phrases that you won’t find in a textbook.  What’s especially great about this channel is the amount of cultural content and nod to the ‘hellenic soul’. I particularly loved this explanation of one of the lyrics from this year’s superb Eurovision entry by Greece’s Klavdia.

LEARN GREEK WITH KALLIA

Learn Greek with Kallia is another wonderful source of colloquialisms, with a growing catalogue of micro-lessons on sounding like a native. The language is informal and really colourful – exactly the kind of thing you’ll be reaching for if you’re spending any serious time in Greece.

https://www.instagram.com/p/DJ7JnXiMbd0/

THE GREEK SCHOLAR

In contrast to the other channels here, this feed takes a more traditional text / infographic approach to content that works really well as a mini-lesson format. Of particular interest is its great library of swipe-through guides to colloquial vocabulary usage. Take this video on φτάνω (arrive) – who knew it could be such a versatile verb?

GREEK LEARNING HUB

Greek Learning Hub has a really good range of content from vocab for beginners to longer, in-context dialogues. Some of the channel’s best reels are those where vocabulary is introduced through subtitled conversation, like this supermarket topic lesson.

So that’s what’s been filling my bookmark folder up. Have you found any other essential channels στα ελληνικά? What have I missed? Let me know in the comments!

Lighting ready for Eurovision

Eurovision 2025: Lingua Franca? Nein Danke!

Eurovision 2025 was a good vintage for lovers of language diversity. It’s clear that English isn’t a default for many countries any more, and ditching the lingua franca is certainly no bar to success.

In the first semifinal, for example, the five jettisoned entries were all in English , while nine of the ten qualifiers contained national language lyrics. The second semifinal was less kind, ditching Georgian, Montenegrin and Serbian in the last three places, but still, seven out of the ten successful songs chose not to rely entirely (or at all) on English.

And then, of course, to the final. After a pretty intense finish, it’s time for a stocktake. Just how, exactly, did our foreign languages fare?

A good start – and a good finish

The final promised much, with 21 of the 26 entries sung fully, or partly, in a language other than English. Admittedly, for the third year in a row, we do have another anglophone winner, although a wonderful one, with Austria’s sensational popera number Wasted Love by captivating countertenor JJ.

But our top ten is an encouraging one for fans of non-anglophone lyrics. Runner-up Israel manages to squeeze another two languages in alongside English, with lines in both Hebrew and French.  A single point behind, Estonia managed third place with arguably Anglo-Italian (or is it Mocktalian?) lyrics. Favourites Sweden, showcasing the national language for the first time since 1998, unexpectedly just missed out on the top three.

The rest of the top ten is made up almost exclusively of songs with national tongue lyrics – Italian, Greek, French, Albanian and Ukrainian. And if we take the coveted left-hand side of the scoreboard as the measure of general success at Eurovision, then we can add Finnish and Latvian to the list too.

Eurovision 2026 – Onwards and Upwards!

And that’s it for another year. Huge, deserved congratulations to Austria on its win, English lyrics or otherwise. Here’s hoping that the success of national languages in 2025 tempts even more countries to dare to switch back in 2026!

Lighting ready for Eurovision

Eurovision of Languages, 2025 Edition

Europhiles, unite! It’s time once more for our annual pilgrimage to Eurovision. And this year’s celebration of music and language is coming to us live from Basel, Switzerland.

Switzerland, of course, is the land of multiple national languages, with an impressive four to its constitution. For most of us, languages one of the main draws of the contest (it was certainly my way in!). And as it turns out, 2025 has a few nice surprises in store.

Eurovision 2025 : What’s In And What’s Out?

Icelandic is back, thanks to the Væb brothers – but Norwegian gives way to English again. After norsk-singing Gåte’s last place in the 2024 final, perhaps the appetite for a national language song wasn’t there. Perhaps most surprisingly, Swedish is back, and after a 27-year gap! Sverige is represented by the winsome KAJ, hailing from the Swedish-speaking region of Finland, and are bookie’s faves with their ode to the sauna, Bara bada bastu. It’s been a long time waiting since Jill Johnson’s Kärleken är in my lovely home city of Birmingham.

That makes two Finnish entries this year, then – well, almost. As for the Finnish broadcaster, YLE, there’s more language joy in store. Yes, Finnish is back! And Suomi’s Erika Vikman is proving, like Käärijä in 2023, that singing in your national language is no hobbler. The cheeky Ich komme not only squeezes a bit of German in there via the title, but has consistently featured in the bookie’s top ten favourites since its selection.

Francophone Delights

French is back big for 2025. For a start, Louane’s emotional Maman is currently third favourite to win. Joining her in francophone pop celebration are Luxembourg’s Laura Thorn, singing an up-to-date homage to the 1965 luxembourgeois winner Poupée de cire, poupée de son, Swiss home defender Zoë Më with the charmingly beautiful ballad Voyage, and Israeli singer Yuval, whose lyrics are partly in French (she lived in Geneva as a child).

Hardy Annuals

Italy, Portugal and Spain continue with France their long-held tradition of sending songs in the national language – welcome bulwarks against the tide of anglophone pop unleashed when the national language rule was dropped (again) in 1999. But they’re joined this year by Germany, who send a song in German for the first time since the late Roger Cicero’s 2007 entry. Baller is a fresh-sounding Ohrwurm that has worked its way into many fan favourite lists.

Neighbouring Baltics Latvia and Lithuania have both chosen this year’s edition to showcase their own languages. That’s a double rare occurrence – both countries have overwhelmingly opted to sing in English for most of their Eurovision journey. Estonia doesn’t quite join their club this year, but isn’t entirely in English; the quirky Espresso macchiato is sung partly in English, and partly in ‘Mocktalian’, which has caused some consternation with native speakers.

Completing the language line-up, we have Albanian, Greek, Hebrew, Montenegrin, Polish, Serbian and Ukrainian.

Now that doesn’t compare too shabbily with 2024, does it? Whichever country you’re supporting, have a great Eurovision – and see you in Basel!

Advert for Assimil language learning courses in The Scotsman, 1959

Selling Language Learning : Two Hundred Years of Promises

A lot has changed in contemporary language learning and teaching in a pretty short space of time. Anyone over 30 might still remember two distinct types of courses being sold on bookshop shelves – the traditional grammar-translation type, and those following a newer communicative approach.

The former is all about rules and drills, while the focus of the latter is language skills for real-world situations. In short, book language versus people language. There’s merit to both, of course – I get a lot from course books both old (sometimes very old) and new. But as the communicative approach is now such a natural first step for many, it’s easy to forget how recently it arose and became mainstream.

In my travels through the British Newspaper Archive, I come across countless ads and reviews for language course books through the decades. Of course, they’re almost all in that rules and drills vein. Writers were constantly coming up with the latest and greatest new system for ‘mastering’ a language. The Victorians seemed particularly obsessed with ‘system’ and ‘mastery’, and that fixation comes through in so many of the titles from that era.

So, here’s a selection of recent finds, spanning 150 years or so. What’s familiar – and what has changed?

A Practical German Grammar (1825)

Advert for "German Grammar" by John Rowbotham in Bell's Weekly Messenger, 1825

Advert for “German Grammar” by John Rowbotham in Bell’s Weekly Messenger, 1825

Two hundred years ago, German learners might have been tempted by Rowbotham’s A Practical German Grammar. There’s already an eye to later Teach Yourself courses, as the book is useful to “Private Students” too. And the biggest selling point? The author is “an Englishman” who knows well “those points which are attended with difficulty to his countrymen“. There’s nothing like solidarity!

Hebrew Verbs Simplified (1852)

Advert for "Hebrew Verbs Simplified" by Tresham D. Gregg in The Morning Herald (London), 1852

Advert for “Hebrew Verbs Simplified” by Tresham D. Gregg in The Morning Herald (London), 1852

The 19th Century saw the idea of efficiency and system fetishised to a fault, and you find simplified titles at every turn. There’s a drive to divide knowledge up into orderly chunks so that mastery – a Victorian fixation – is in the reach of everyone. This volume on Hebrew Verbs from 1852 is a lovely example of it. Learn it here and it will be “scarcely forgotten“!

An Easy And Rapid Method for Learning French Verbs (1881)

Advert for "An Easy and Rapid Method for Learning French Regular and Irregular Verbs" by A. E. Ragon in the Dundee Courier, 1881

Advert for “An Easy and Rapid Method for Learning French Regular and Irregular Verbs” by A. E. Ragon in the Dundee Courier, 1881

We have yet another system described in this short 1881 newspaper review, this time for French verbs. It’s easy! And it’s rapid! And you can sense the thrill of the efficiency-seekers, setting the messy world of language in order. It’s nothing new, of course; plenty of modern courses promise to simplify difficult paradigms. But the idea is so bound up with the Victorian ideal of progress and scientific understanding, that there’s a real feeling of Zeitgeist about these pieces.

Italian Conversational Course (1870)

Review for "Italian Conversational Course" by Giovanni Toscani in the Educational Times, 1870

Review for “Italian Conversational Course” by Giovanni Toscani in the Educational Times, 1870

Learning Italian in 1870? You might like to try Giovanni Toscani’s Italian Conversational Course. In the 19th Century spirit of logic and order, it’s organised perhaps a little differently from courses you might be used to. Namely, you’ll focus on verbs first, before moving onto nouns. You have to wonder how ‘conversational’ you’d be after only the first few chapters (“well, I can say I want but I can’t say what I want…”). Saying that, most of the Polish grammar I know is from a 1948 course that only taught neuter nouns for a surprisingly high number of chapters…

Hugo’s In Three Months (1957)

Advert for Hugo language courses in Bookseller, 1957

Advert for Hugo language courses in Bookseller, 1957

Skipping forward to the mid-20th Century, things start to look a little more familiar, even if the language sounds old-fashioned. Hugo – a language learning brand you’ll still see in bookshops today – ran this substantial ad piece in 1957. As a testament to the books’ popularity, the ad tells us that they’re now available as hardbacks (“bound in boards“), and available for a mere seven shillings and sixpence. That’s a bargain for language learning without a master!

Assimil Languages (1959)

Advert for Assimil language courses in The Scotsman, 1959

Advert for Assimil language courses in The Scotsman, 1959

Another evergreen language brand many will be familiar with from modern editions, Assimil was well on the game in 1959. And these courses were fully multimedia, at least in the format of the day – they came with a set of “gramophone records” to speed learners along the path of their three-month journey.  It’s that magic three months, again – both Hugo and Assimil were making that claim back in the 1950s, and it’s one you still see in today’s Hugo titles. The Victorians weren’t the only ones selling the simple system for mastery; it’s a tantalising (and book-selling idea) right into our own era.

Exploring the history of language learning seems like a tangential side-quest for the language learner, but it’s such a worthy one, if only for the social history of it all. The ideas that drove us, the tools we used to realise those ideas – its reflections are in each of these ads.

And sometimes, it’s surprising how little we’ve changed.

An issue of "Our Gaelic Page" in The Highland News, 1897.

Learning Gaelic in 1900 : Highland News’ “Our Gaelic Page”

Over a century before the BBC’s Speaking Gaelic team were building a community of modern learners, the Highland News was doing the same with its regular feature Our Gaelic Page.

A couple of weeks ago, I shared a chance language learning find in the BNA – the regular Gaoluinn Irish language lessons in The Irish Independent. I’ve spent some time this week on the trail for similar resources for Gaelic in vintage newspapers. Did anything like Gaoluinn exist in Scotland?

Our Gaelic Page

Well, around the turn of the 19th Century, it happens that The Highland News was publishing this regular page packed with language learning content. Although Our Gaelic Page didn’t consist of lessons in the sense that Gaoluinn did, it featured poetry, prose, song, a learner’s Q&A section, and even recent exam paper questions.

Its aims are clearly different from those of Gaoluinn – this a page for those with Gaelic, who want to maintain or improve it. But it offered a wealth of material for that end; in some ways, the content reminds me a little of the NRK podcast Språkteigen – discussion of language simply for the love of learning it.

Clàrsach nan Gaidheal

Its regular song section, Clàrsach nan Gaidheal – the Gaels’ Harp – is a great find for anyone interested in traditional music. Editions ran into the hundreds, each one offering background notes, lyrics in Gaelic and English, and even the music in the form of what I think are chords. Annotation like m, n and r aren’t familiar to me, though, so if anyone has an idea about what they refer to, I’d love to hear from you!

An edition of the Gaelic song series, Clàrsach nan Gaidheal from The Highland News, 1898.

An edition of the Gaelic song series, Clàrsach nan Gaidheal from The Highland News, 1898.

Exam Reports

One of the more academic inclusions consists of exam reports from various places – sometimes Glasgow, sometimes as far as London. As well as the top performers’ names, we get, unusually, a rundown of all the exam questions, too. Newspapers as a repository of past papers is a brand new genre for me (and one I quite like, I must admit!).

That said, the exams take quite a different tack from the more communicative approach of today. This is Gaelic being taught much as Latin and Ancient Greek were – declensions and conjugations by rote. As much as I love that traditional take, perhaps treating the language as a written classic wasn’t the best strategy for reviving it in conversation.

Gaelic examination reports from The Highland News, 1902.

Gaelic examination reports from The Highland News, 1902.

Our Gaelic Page seems to have run from 1897 to 1902 – at least that’s what turns up in the BNA scans. But it’s certainly not the only focus for learners a century ago. Further searches turn up plenty of other evidence for an active, enthusiastic community at the time. Amongst the tidbits are reports from language societies, notices seeking teachers for adult classes, and ads for new reference books. Nothing new there – in fact, it’s heartening to draw a continuous line between learners then and now.

In any case, it’s a lovely glimpse into life as a language learning a hundred years back, as well as a great reading resource for this modern-day learner. I’ll doubtless be dipping into more of Our Gaelic Page over the coming months.

Vintage TV set for franchise hopping! Image by FreeImages.com

Target Language TV for Titters : Amazon’s Last One Laughing

I’ve long been a fan of highly exportable TV show franchises as ‘authentic target language with stabilisers’ media for learners. The language is rich and colloquial, but the format is familiar enough to be more accessible to L2 speakers than other TV genres.

Well, I’ve recent discovered another one that is available in a wonderfully broad array of languages. It’s Amazon Prime’s Last One Laughing, the show where comedians vie to keep straight faces in an onslaught of silliness, and be the very last to crack up.

It’s a simple concept, and for sure, it’s simple, cheap telly. That’s probably why Amazon found it so easy to roll it out to so many different language settings. All you need is a studio and a bunch of comedians willing to act daft. The result? Last One Laughing has local versions in languages from mainstream French and Spanish to more niche learner langs like Dutch and Norwegian.

Good TV Fit for Learners

In terms of the language, the show is a curiously good fit for L2 learners. The improvised dialogue can be slow and deliberate, as the contestants try to out-pun each other. It can often have a touch of the bizarre and clownish about it, too, which is always good to keep learners on their context toes (did she really just say her brother was a fish?).

(Pop-)Culturally, too, it’s a winner. If you didn’t know much about the comedy scene in your target language countries before, then you certainly will after a few episodes. The guests are fresh, current TV faces that give a good sample of who’s popular right now where your language is spoken.

If you’re looking for some target language listening fun, then Last One Laughing is both great learning material and just good TV. Well worth a punt if you have Prime.

An Irish lesson printed in the Irish Independent, 1924 (British Newspaper Archive)

Irish Lessons from 1924

As part of my PhD research, I spend countless hours trawling the British Newspaper Archive for forgotten dialect writing. Occasionally, the net catches more than I was expecting.

So it was this week, when I was searching for some Black Country collocation or other. Because they’re often short – like doh yer (don’t you) – and because of OCR errors in the transcriptions, the chance for false positives can be really high.

But this false positive was a bit more interesting than many. The search had mistakenly picked out some Irish text in a 1924 edition of the Irish Independent. It turned out to be part of a regular “Teach Yourself” style column, Gaoluinn. That’s an alternative spelling of Gaolainn – the Munster word for Gaeilge, the Irish language, which suggests that it’s Munster dialect that is the basis for the lessons.

Now, newspapers and language learning lessons are nothing new – there was a giveaway in the early noughties (I can’t remember the paper) where you got a special edition Teach Yourself book with every copy (I still have that mini Teach Yourself Basic Italian somewhere!). But Gaoluinn looked to be part of a run of language lessons that built up readers’ knowledge across editions.

Gaoluinn – Newspaper Irish Lessons

An Irish lesson printed in the Irish Independent, 1924 (British Newspaper Archive)

An Irish lesson printed in the Irish Independent, 1924 (British Newspaper Archive)

It’s typical of the language learning of its time, taking a systematic grammar-based approach (you might remember this from my raving over Teach Yourself Polish 1948!). The particular week that popped up here explains plural formation in Irish, alongside a bunch of illustrative phrases with just a hint of the aphorism and sermon about them.

A lovely thing about the lessons is its attempt at ‘folk’ phonetic spelling alongside the Irish. You can imagine readers giving it a go – readers whose families had maybe lost the language a couple of generations ago, and wanted to reconnect with Irish.

There’s More Out There

There’s clearly loads more Gaoluinn to explore in the archive, but I haven’t investigated further yet. Of course, I have more pressing things to be getting on with on the BNA, as fun as false positives are!

But I’m intrigued by the find nonetheless. A quick peek shows that it ran from at least 1922 to 1925, and later on, often taught via the target language (how modern – the way I learnt to teach!). I have so many questions, though… Was it serialised from an existing course book, or was it turned into a course book later? Was it popular or well received?

It’s definitely something I’ll circle back to when I have a bit more time. And, incidentally,  I’m sure there’s some PhD material in there for anyone interested in the evolution of language teaching, too!

Darren Paffey MP giving the keynote speech at ALL Language World 2025

ALL Language World 2025

I was out waving the yellow flag for Linguascope, working the stands at the ALL Language World conference this weekend. Now, it’s not often I’ll rave about attending conferences. After all, they can be pretty dry affairs, especially as an exhibitor, where your main job is to smile and hand out goodie bags.

But there was something so positive about the vibe with this one. Perhaps it was the smaller scale and more intimate setting in rural Warwickshire. Maybe it was professional solidarity, after some tough years for secondary language pedagogy. Whatever the reason, it was a lovely opportunity to mix with other language professionals, faces both familiar and new.

One of the highlights was the keynote speech by Darren Paffey MP. Darren is one of the new 2024 intake of British MPs (and, we are told, one of only three Darrens to be elected to parliament!). Before being swiped by politics, Darren was a professor of sociolinguistics at the University of Southampton, and a long-time language learning enthusiast. The ideal guest, then, to reassure an anxious crowd, worn down by years of official neglect of languages on the curriculum, that he will be fighting our corner in the new government.

It’s not often we get one on the inside!

Darren Paffey MP with Didi, the Linguascope Dog at ALL Language World 2025.

Darren Paffey MP with Didi, the Linguascope Dog at ALL Language World 2025.

Perhaps it was the encouraging tone of that keynote that helped buoy the mood. In any case, it was one of the nicest events, in terms of camaraderie, mutual support and optimism that I’ve attended in recent years. Props to the ALL for organising it, and for bagging such a thoroughly decent keynote speaker.